In this article, we will cover the following:
- what is a papilloma;
- what is the reason for their formation.
- where they are more common in men and women;
- typical papilloma.
Papilloma is a benign neoplasm localized in the skin, mucous membrane. The reason for its formation is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted in various ways. The appearance of the formation depends on the type of virus that caused it.
Transmission line
Human papillomavirus is transmitted by:
- During sexual intercourse, including anal, oral-genital.
- Household. These microorganisms can live on personal items, personal hygiene items, and infected towels. Easily penetrates through scratches, abrasions on the skin.
- During childbirth from mother to child.
The possibility of autoinfection if the virus moves from one area of the body to another, which usually occurs during shaving, hair removal.
The incubation period (the period from the introduction of HPV into the body to the appearance of pathological signs) ranges from several weeks to several years.
Papilloma on the body most often occurs in cases of disease, pregnancy, alcohol abuse, psychoemotional stress, hypothermia, accompanied by decreased immune defenses. The incidence of this formation in men and women is the same.
Human papillomavirus: type
Depending on the risk of oncological pathology of the skin, mucosal papilloma viruses belong to the following groups:
- Low oncogenic risk (HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 72, 73, 40–44, 51, 61).
- Moderate oncogenic risk (HPV types 52, 56, 58, 30, 35, 45).
- High risk of developing a malignant process (HPV types 50, 59, 16, 18, 64, 68, 70, 31, 33, 39).
Microorganisms with a low risk of cancer cause benign growths on the skin, mucous membranes.
Types of papillomas
Simple
They are also called vulgar, just so. This growth is more often caused by HPV types 26-29, 77, 63, 41.
Tingling, burning sensation appears in every part of the body. Then, the growth of the spherical formation is noted, the surface gradually becomes rough. At first the tumor was flesh-colored, then darkened. Papilloma size on the body from 1 mm to cm
This neoplasm is single, multiple. In the latter case, the child's small papilloma is located around the mother, forming the first, usually the largest.
This is the back of the hand, the fingers, the space between them, the chin area, the edge of the lips. There is such a papilloma on the neck. The knee of the child is affected, because children crawl frequently, it becomes infected through a small cut in the skin.
Plantar
People with this formation are infected with HPV types 1, 2, 4. They grow similar to dry calluses, but have a number of different characteristics.
The skin pattern is maintained on calluses, absent on the surface of the papilloma, the latter is smooth. The formation caused by the papilloma virus is painful, the unpleasant sensation intensifies when wearing squeezed shoes. Inside the papilloma, black dots are visible, which are not on the calluses.
Neoplasms are sometimes self-destructive, which is more common in children. Sometimes small bubbles are seen around the neoplasm. The latter turn into new papillomas over time.
Flat papilloma
Growths are round, elongated, oval, grow over the surface of the skin by 1–2 millimeters. Flat papillomas are localized around the mouth, on the face and upper part of the body. Sometimes papillomas form on the neck.
Papilloma data are available on the labia, cervix in girls, penis in boys, on the rectum, near the anus. These formations are in groups, one with each other. Flat flesh-colored papillomas, sometimes slightly darker than the rest of the skin, form under the influence of 10, 49, 28 varieties of papillomavirus.
Threaded
If people notice that a small papilloma has appeared on the neck, it is most often a threadlike growth. The names of the two formations areacrochordus. The latter is caused by 2, 7 types of HPV.
In the early stages, the papilloma on the neck looks like a small yellowish seal, then the growth stretches, becomes rough, acquiring an elongated, rounded thread-like shape. A characteristic feature of a similar papilloma on the neck is a thin leg.
Most often, acrochordus is formed in men, women over 40 years. Growth also occurs on the skin of the upper eyelids, armpits, mammary glands, in the intimate area.
Designates
formation data calledwarts,caused by types 6, 11, 44, 42, 54, 51, 55, 89 types of human papillomavirus in women and men.
Condyloma is small, single, multiple flesh-colored results, localized on the genitals of women, men, around the anus. There are papillomas in the vagina, labia minora, cervix. In men, the condyloma is located on the foreskin, head of the penis, inside the urethra.
Separate elements sometimes merge with each other, tumor-like formations appear, outwardly resembling a rooster comb, cauliflower. Neoplasms are characterized by very rapid growth, extensive lesions can form within hours.
Pathology has a repeating path. It is more severe with concomitant sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract (eg, chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis).
Condylomas that form on the cervix, especially inside the cervical canal, are most dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth, followed by tissue damage, and secondary infection.
Papilloma in the mouth, larynx
Their appearance is associated with the activity of the papillomavirus virus strains 6, 7, 11, 72, 73, 57, 32. The formations are rounded formations on a thin or wide base. The mucous membrane around them is pale pink in color, with no visible pathological changes. The surface of the growth is pale pink, whitish.
Neoplasms are single, multiple, without pain when pressed. It is located at the base of the oral cavity, the back of the tongue, hard, soft palate, mucosa of the larynx, the size ranges from 2 mm to 2 cm.
An overgrowth of the mucous membrane of the mouth bleeds when bitten, darkens as a result of blood shedding into it. The state of health in the presence of such a disease does not deteriorate, the oral cavity opens freely.
When in adults a single growth is located on the soft palate, tonsils, on the glottis, there is a feeling of a foreign body, coughing, the voice becomes hoarse. If the lesions become multiple, this symptom gets worse.
In children, pathological growths are often bilateral, their appearance is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Difficulty inhaling, exhaling, which arises after physical exertion, then during complete rest.
- Coughing up after running, playing too much.
- Choking attacks withstenosisof the larynx (pathological narrowing that prevents air from entering the lower respiratory tract).
Externally distinct appearance of papillomas is associated with infection of various types of HPV. To get rid of a neoplasm, you must consult a doctor. This should be done as soon as possible if the papillomas are numerous, they increase in size rapidly, cause discomfort, and are persistent injury.